一工作壓力

Work pressure

高壓清洗機(jī)的工作壓力應(yīng)根據(jù)結(jié)垢性質(zhì)合理選擇。

The working pressure of the high-pressure cleaning machine should be reasonably selected based on the nature of scaling.

目前高壓清洗機(jī)的清洗壓力大致可以分為三類(lèi)：

At present, the cleaning pressure of high-pressure cleaning machines can be roughly divided into three categories:

1）低壓（100bar以下）

1) Low pressure (below 100bar)

這種清洗機(jī)壓力通常在100bar以下，水泵大多數(shù)為低壓往復(fù)泵或者是離心泵，清洗對(duì)象一般是污染不太嚴(yán)重的污垢。

This type of cleaning machine usually has a pressure below 100 bar, and most water pumps are low-pressure reciprocating pumps or centrifugal pumps. The cleaning object is usually dirt with less severe pollution.

2）高壓（100bar-1000bar）

2) High pressure (100bar-1000bar)

這個(gè)壓力段屬于高壓清洗機(jī)，工作壓力范圍是100bar-1000bar之間，水泵大多數(shù)是高壓往復(fù)泵。清洗對(duì)象通常是污染較為嚴(yán)重的污垢。

This pressure range belongs to the high-pressure cleaning machine, with a working pressure range of 100-1000bar. Most water pumps are high-pressure reciprocating pumps. The cleaning object is usually heavily contaminated dirt.

3）超高壓（1000bar以上）

3) Ultra high pressure (above 1000bar)

工作壓力大于1000bar的清洗機(jī)可以稱(chēng)為超高壓清洗機(jī)，設(shè)備核心多為增壓器或者是超高壓往復(fù)泵。清洗對(duì)象通常是污染非常嚴(yán)重的污垢。

A cleaning machine with a working pressure greater than 1000 bar can be called an ultra-high pressure cleaning machine, and the equipment core is mostly a booster or an ultra-high pressure reciprocating pump. The cleaning object is usually heavily contaminated dirt.

高壓清洗機(jī)剝離能力與工作壓力的關(guān)系如下：

The relationship between the stripping capacity of high-pressure cleaning machines and working pressure is as follows:

1）工作壓力100bar，可用于剝離淤泥和疏松的巖層。

1) Working pressure of 100 bar, can be used to remove silt and loose rock layers.

2）工作壓力210bar，可用于剝離輕度船舶垢污和輕度燃料油殘留物及鋁制散熱器及殼體。

2) Working pressure of 210 bar, can be used to remove mild ship fouling, mild fuel oil residue, and aluminum radiators and casings.

3）工作壓力320bar，可用于剝離普通衍生物砂石和泥石層疏松的混凝土輕度熱軋鋼淀氧化層及疏松的漆層和銹層。

3) Working pressure of 320bar, it can be used to peel off the loose concrete layer of ordinary derivatives such as sand, gravel, and debris. It can also be used for mild hot-rolled steel lake oxidation layer, loose paint layer, and rust layer.

4）工作壓力400-700bar，可用于剝離管內(nèi)混凝土鑄鐵件模型跑道除膠輕基石灰石石子層及焦油沉積物和常見(jiàn)石化垢層。

4) The working pressure is 400-700 bar, which can be used to peel off the concrete cast iron model runway inside the pipe, remove the light base limestone sub layer, tar deposits, and common petrochemical scale layers.

5）工作壓力700-1050bar，可用于混凝土切割和剝離厚漆層石灰石大量熱軋鋼錠氧化皮矽土型芯燃燒碳沉積物及厚層煤渣。

5) The working pressure is 700-1050 bar, which can be used for concrete cutting and peeling thick paint layer limestone. A large amount of hot-rolled steel ingots with oxide skin and silica core are burned with carbon deposits and thick coal slag.

6）工作壓力1000-2100bar，可用于剝離花崗石大理石石灰?guī)r船舶的環(huán)氧基漆以及鉛板鋁板橡膠冷凍食品等的切割。

6) Working pressure of 1000-2100 bar, it can be used for peeling epoxy paint on granite, marble, limestone ships, as well as cutting lead, aluminum, rubber, frozen food, etc.

高壓清洗機(jī)

High pressure cleaning machine

二實(shí)際流量

2. Actual flow rate

高壓清洗機(jī)清洗作業(yè)時(shí)的實(shí)際流量一般取決于原始的額定流量，計(jì)算時(shí)可以采用以下公式：

The actual flow rate during the cleaning operation of a high-pressure cleaning machine generally depends on the original rated flow rate, and the following formula can be used for calculation:

公式（1）中U—流量，m/s；Ρ—工作壓力，MPa；ρ—液流密度，kg/m?。

In formula (1), U - flow rate, m/s; Ρ— Working pressure, MPa; ρ— Liquid flow density, kg/m?.

三載荷面所受的打擊力

The impact force on the three load surfaces

高壓水射流連續(xù)打擊平坦表面時(shí)，載荷面所受的打擊力F的經(jīng)驗(yàn)計(jì)算公式如下：

The empirical formula for calculating the impact force F on the load surface when a high-pressure water jet continuously hits a flat surface is as follows:

公式（2）中F—載荷面所受打擊力，Ν；Α—噴嘴的截面積，m?；Ρ—工作壓力，MPa。

In formula (2), F - the impact force on the load surface, Ν；Α— The cross-sectional area of the nozzle, m?; Ρ— Working pressure, MPa.

四噴射距離

Four spray distances

高壓水射流噴射距離是指噴嘴到清洗表面的距離，它的大小對(duì)清洗質(zhì)量有很大的影響。當(dāng)噴射距離增大時(shí)，高壓水射流到被清洗表面的擴(kuò)散程度會(huì)增大，也是說(shuō)增大了射流功率的損失。而當(dāng)噴射距離減小時(shí)，單位時(shí)間內(nèi)除垢面積也會(huì)隨之減小。所以，如果噴射距離過(guò)大或者過(guò)小都會(huì)降低清洗效率。經(jīng)過(guò)試驗(yàn)證明，一般機(jī)體表面油船類(lèi)的清洗，噴射距離在（150-300）D范圍內(nèi)比較好。其中D是噴嘴的出口直徑。

The high-pressure water jet spraying distance refers to the distance from the nozzle to the cleaning surface, and its size has a significant impact on the cleaning quality. When the spraying distance increases, the diffusion degree of high-pressure water jet to the cleaned surface will increase, which also increases the loss of jet power. When the spraying distance decreases, the scale removal area per unit time will also decrease. So, if the spraying distance is too large or too small, it will reduce the cleaning efficiency. After testing, it has been proven that the cleaning of oil tankers on the surface of general aircraft bodies is better within the range of (150-300) D. Where D is the outlet diameter of the nozzle.

五入射角

Five incidence angles

根據(jù)試驗(yàn)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)表明，清洗油脂表面時(shí)，入射角為17度合適。

According to experimental and empirical data, it is appropriate to have an incidence angle of 17 degrees when cleaning the surface of grease.